A type of non-graphic datum describing the entities represented by graphic elements. A term used to reference all the types of non-graphic data, usually alphanumeric ones, related to a map.
A geometric figure which works as the border of a certain graphic element defining its scope of influence over others with reference to a search in a geoprocessing environment.
It is an abstract definition for a phenomenon observed in the real world. An object, to be considered a geographic feature, must refer to a relative position over the face of the Earth. A feature may be represented by a graphic element such as a point, a line and a polygon.
It is the science of measuring and representing the surface of the Earth.
Geographical Coordinates
Numeric values through which it is possible to determine the position of a point on the Earth’s surface, having the Equator as the origin for the latitude and the Greenwich Meridian as the origin for the longitude.
It is the group of computer techniques related to the collection, storage and treatment of spatial or georeferenced information, which are used for specific purposes and which, in a certain way, use the geographical and physical space.
It is a software which allows the publication of Map Services on the Internet. There are two types of Map Servers:
Feature Server
It makes available maps as vectorial features (lines, points and polygons) which allow the user to access a map and perform typical geoprocessing operations such as: add layers, edit legends and perform spatial analysis. Most of the processing is done in the user’s machine. In order to do it, he needs to install two softwares (Java Runtime Environment and Java Viewer). At this moment, this option is not offered by IBGE.
Image Server
It presents maps as images. When a requirement is received by the server, it generates a map and provides the user the reply as an image. All the processing is done in the server and its functions are more limited although, for the user, is simpler, since it is not necessary to install additional softwares.
Ratio between the dimensions of the elements represented in a map, chart or image and their real size. It can be expressed graphically or numerically.
Graphic Scale
It is the graphic representation of the numeric scale as a line divided into units, in which the ratio between the real distances and those represented in a cartographic document is given by a straight line in which a unit of measure in the line corresponds to a unit of measure of the real distance.
Numeric scale
It is the scale of a cartographic document expressed by a fraction or proportion, which associates the unit of distance in the document to the distance measured in the same unit of the real area.
Ex.: 1:100,000 - You read 1 to 100,000.
